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Early pregnancy Symptom refers to the sign that indicates whether a woman is pregnant or not. Irrespective of the fact whether you are pregnant or trying to get pregnant, you always wish to know the reality at the earliest. Early pregnancy symptom becomes important when one does not have the enough patience of waiting up to the menstruation period. These kinds of women find it difficult to wait after the ovulation and they wish to know whether they are having pregnancy or not.
Body Is An Excellent Indicator Of The Pregnancy These impatient people may surprise to know that their body indicates early pregnancy symptom. With a careful observation of the pregnancy week by week you will find that the body is really an excellent indicator of the pregnancy. However, early pregnancy symptom begins to appear at different times in different women. According to the pregnancy journal in some women early pregnancy symptom may appear within few days after the conception. On the other hand, it may take few weeks before appearing in some other cases.
Nausea Or Vomiting Nausea or vomiting is one early pregnancy symptom that appears in the very early stages of the pregnancy. This is also known more popularly as morning sickness. There are instances when this early pregnancy symptom occurred so early that the women could not realize it and thought that this is happening because of the food poisoning or cold effect. Nausea happens because the ability of sensing the smell and taste of the pregnant women gets increased and she can feel the sensation of nausea even with the smell of tea and coffee.
Increases Frequency of Urination Frequent urination is another early pregnancy symptom. This symptom also appears in the early stages of the pregnancy. In most of the cases frequent urination starts within one week of getting pregnant. You may have to go to the toilet again and again even during the night. In addition, you will observe that you are getting tired much early as compared to when you were normal.
Breast Enlargement And Missed Period One more early pregnancy symptom is enlargement of the size of the breast and nipples. This is very common symptom and most of the women also report tenderness of the breast when they get pregnant. This very early symptom is an indication that the body is getting ready for the breastfeeding. On most of the occasions when any woman misses her period then it works as an early pregnancy symptom for her. However, during the period of the pregnancy you may feel sudden and painful tightening of the muscles giving you the sensation that the period is about to come. Along with this cramping of the muscles you will also experience back pain during this period.
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Chapter Seven
Lilli Ann [Work and Play and Colleen]
Many things were starting to happen after the tournament was over. It seemed my life had stopped for a moment in time. I had been working five to six days a week, mostly five. Met a guy, my age called Dan, at the karate studio one evening, he was just watching, and we got talking, and I helped him get a job at Lilli Ann. He was assigned to Mr. Green and would eventually be reassigned down stairs in the packing department. I was assigned in another department, which was one floor lower than his. He started falling in love with a Spanish gal, and wanted me to help him out by asking her why she was so down right rude to him. And so I did, it must have worked because they started dating, thereafter.
Well Dan’s brother came into town, he was eighteen-years old, and again Dan and I were both twenty-one. The landlord would not allow two people in their apartment so I talked to my landlady and they ended up renting out the big room. I liked them both, but Dan was a little more level headed. His brother smoked pot night and day, Dan occasionally.
About this time my mother said she was coming down to visit me after Christmas, which was not too far off. And so many things were happening. And as the weeks passed by I would often go downtown San Francisco after work and go to the double feature movies, they were older ones but very cheep, .75 cents during the day, before 6:00 PM, and afterwards walk around. I can remember a few times walking down a side street by a little café and Hell’s Angels were hanging out there. One time one of the Hell’s Angels, gave me a strange look but paid me little heed, and went back playing some kind of game. I had to walk around all the motorcycles for they hand them parked in the street, on the sidewalk, and every which way… and them seeing me trying to dodge the bikes to get around them, probably gave them a little groan, one that might have meant, ‘…don’t tip them over sunny.’ And I didn’t bump any.
At work a few of the Spanish gals up in Mr. Green’s area were eyeballing me up, but I found out they were married and so I paid little attention to them afterwards. And a few Japanese girls, older women talked to me often, but I never got to dating any of them. Then one evening, after work, Colleen with her sparkling white Catholic seen me waiting for a ride by a street car stand, and asked where I was going, I said down by mission street, and offered to give me a ride. She was around thirty-three years old, whit a healthy looking body, and was hunting I presume—that is, looking for something.
Colleen
As she drove down Mission Street, she knew exactly where Lilli Ann was, I guess many people did, it was very famous for women’s exclusive clothing, they had dresses in Harpers Bazaar, some famous magazine, and advertised in London, Paris, New York, and here in San Francisco. I closed the window a bit in the car, the air was cool this morning, I told her, but I shouldn’t complain, it was nothing like Minnesota; for weather in December at 57 degrees is like heaven sent; I had heard them say on the radio, that it was going to get to 66 degrees before the end of the day. Not bad, in Minnesota we’d have about forty inches of snow by now, and most likely it would be about three to five below zero. January was the coldest month, in Minnesota usually, reaching many times ten degrees below zero or lower, and February had all the snow it seemed, sometimes twenty inches in one month; sometimes sixteen inches in one day. Some years we had ninety inches of snow.
I was inclined to ask her for a date, even though she looked much older than I, but she said first, as I opened the door to get out,
“Do you drink wine?”
“Occasionally,” I said, for I used to drink some back home, but it was that cheep Ripple crap or Thunderbird, rotten gut stuff. But I didn’t want to tell her that.
“The dry wine is even better than the sweet if you have the right bottle, and it’s aged some…” she added as I stood up next to the car, “I’ll pick you up after work, say 4:30 PM, does that sound good?” What could I say, the Cadillac girl was leading, and I had nothing better to do. I hadn’t gone to karate practice going on three weeks now. I think Yamaguchi was a little disappointed in me, surely not his black belt bunch though.
“Ok,” I said as I started to turn around and walk inside of the three story building. Things were always happening so fast these days I hardly ever questioned anything. Dan had me meet a friend a week ago, some guy who was selling dope, pot or whatever, we talked and he offered me a job at twice the amount I was making, but I turned him down, I didn’t want to be his or any bodies body guard, end up dead with some heroin stuck in my ass, or down my throat. This was safer, work here at $.1.75 per hour, and just enjoy life; live longer.
It was funny, when I stopped to talk to a young man, my age who wanted a quarter, and back in those far off days, they were all over San Francisco, --at any rate, I told him to go get a job, and he asked how much I made in a week, I said $70-dollars, and he laughed, saying: “I make more than that in a day, $75.” Oh well, I guess I still have values. I just couldn’t sit down on the street corner and beg; it wasn’t even a thought. Or should I say, it never occurred to me.
٭
The day went fast, Dan was flirting with his new Spanish girlfriend, who worked in the office at Lilli Ann; I think she was happy I set them up, but I was a little jealous now, I guess I would have like to date her, but I was always drinking, going to movies, and before karate, running around town. No real time I suppose. I think she was wondering why I didn’t smile as much as I did before when I met her halfway going up and down the stairs a few times a day. But I tried. My mother wrote and said he’d be in town now in January. Not too far off.
It was 4:35 PM, I just slammed the heavy door behind me to Lilli Ann, and there on the street was that white Catholic, and Dan was not too far behind me, he’s seeing me go to the car, I told myself, not looking in back of me, I’ll hear about it tomorrow.
“See yaw later Chick,” Dan said, I think it was to get Colleen’s attention; I turned around and smiled a bit and shook my head.
“I did show up, didn’t I, I bet you thought I wouldn’t?” Said Colleen.
“Not sure what I thought,” I admitted, and I seem to put on a dumb look.
“I always like wine in the fall, --woops, soon to be winter in a week or two.”
“Always --” I said-, opening up her car door, and getting in.
“Always my new friend, now let’s go to the Bay and look at the Golden Gate.” I nodded my head yes, for I even liked walking along the bank and dock area, by the railroad tracks also.
As we got to a certain spot, evening was starting to set in, the once white clouds were turning light-gray, and I opened up the window a little. I loved to grab the moment, absorb what was happening. San Francisco was so very much different than my conservative St. Paul, and it seemed like I was starting to own it a little. There in front of me was the beautiful Golden Gate Bridge, I would never forget it. I had walked across it, seen it a dozen times, and I just never got tired of it; but one thing, I only walked across it once, it is far…longer than one imagines. It was a settling evening. The cars with their horns, the people at work, I was starting to calm down. The night was creeping in. On one hand I was hoping it would never end, and on the other hand, it was a fast pace city for me, it could slow down a bit.
“Are you thirsty Chick,” said Colleen.
“Oh yes, very much…” I took the bottle from her and drank right out of the top. She pulled out two glasses, then hesitated, and put them back in her back seat saying, “We really don’t need them I see.” I guess I might have seemed a little uncouth, but it was me.
For awhile we talked about the earth quake everyone was talking about; how the evangelist’s were saying San Francisco was going to be sunk to the bottom of the ocean. Many people were taking long vacations to get out of town. It was supposed to be on a certain week end coming up (or within the month of January). They talked about it at the bar, at Lilli Ann, every where.
She smile, said,
“Of course,” as she took a drink. I think she was thinking about her youth; --for whom at twenty-one runs around looking for a glass when you got a bottle. We sat just drinking, and looking at the Bay and the bridge, silent for awhile, some people don’t like too long of a period of silence, but it can be golden, --she lit a cigarette, and so did I, and we took turns drinking. She told a few dirty jokes, and I pretended to think they were funny, and when she laughed I laughed, not because they were funny, but because she was.
She commented, “You’ll have to let me know when they have the fabric sales down at Lilli Ann, I want to buy as much as I can.” I didn’t quite understand what she was talking about then, but I did find out later on that they had sales about every four months, and employees could buy fabrics not usable. I would however purchase some for her, during our short time romance.
“Let’s go eat,” she commented.
“Where…” I said.
“I’ll pick up something at a store or restaurant.”
“That’s perfect,” I replied, as I put the cork back into the bottle, there was not much left to the wine.
Colleen stopped in front of a fancy restaurant, --went inside and ordered some burgers made up for us.
“Dolores Street right,” she asked, and I gave her the address, “They’ll taste better relaxing at your apartment.” She said. I explained she was welcome but I only had a small room, and my friend, whom was Dan, she remembered the person who had said, “By Chick”, lived in the other room next to me, --I explained we shared bathrooms.
“So she rents out rooms,” she commented.
“Yaw, why, you need one?”
“Not quite yet, but could be soon, or in a month or so,” she ended her replied with.
As she stopped in front of the mansion I lived in, my hunger had changed from food to lust, or so it seemed, the burgers did not seem at all appealing; none the less, we went directly to my room.
As we entered the room she looked about, “Quite cute, and yes, you were not kidding, it is small, but cozy, enough for a single man. I had a little dresser by the side of the bed where I kept an ashtray, and a light, along with a little radio. A closet in along side of the bed, a little to the right of the doorway you might say, a window behind me overlooking my bed, and the door to the bathroom on the right also, of the bed; --if I was laying on my back I’d be looking at the doorway in front of me
She put the burgers on the small table, took a last drink of the wine, gave it to me, there was one swallow left, I drank it, as she undressed, then she jumped under the covers. She had big breasts and a semi tight body for her age. She was not thin, nor fat, quite healthy looking. I got a hard-on immediately, and like a dog in heat, we pulled our lust together and she grabbed my item and directed it to her warmth.
We made love for about 45-minutes, and I fell to my side a bit, rested, and pulled her over to me again, and stuck my penis back into her private area. She was very warm inside, and my body shook as I climaxed.
“We should get some sleep Chick,” she said with a chuckle. It seemed she found what she wanted, but I felt a little out classed for some reason. She had a degree I had found out while sitting by the Bay over looking the Golden Gate and she worked as a legal assistant. I couldn’t sleep, so I looked at some of the roof tops of the houses out my window; San Francisco was very complicated for me, all its old and new mixed into a whole, and Colleen laying next to me. But I told myself to go to sleep, tomorrow was another day. As I rolled my body back under the covers, I could not hear anymore car horns, the radio was quiet, Dan and his brother must have fallen asleep, and his girlfriend gone home. The wind was making a bit of noise on the window sill, but that was tranquilizing, if anything.
Chapter Eight
The Christmas Party
Well, Dan was dating the Spanish lady, and Colleen was coming over picking me up on regular bases now. She even got to know the Colonel a little, and Dan and his brother Jack. I think she was eyeing up the little bedroom by Dan’s big room. In-between our dating that is.
During this period in San Francisco I was working, and I wasn’t seeing Goesi much, going to the movies as I usually did, and we had a Christmas party coming up in a few days. Mom had written and I expected her to be flying into San Francisco, in two weeks. From here she’d stay a week then fly down to see my brother in Montclair, Southern California.
The weather got a little colder also, but why argue it was still in the 50’s during the day, and low 40’s at night. Some rain but not much. I now was running the dogs for the Colonel; I had a hell of a time taking the “Beast,” out. I called him that because he was up to my waste when on all fours, and had teeth almost like a saber tiger; he looked more like a wolf than a dog. He ran like a horse, and I had a choke chain on him; --thank god I could run with him, I think he liked that. And people jumped every which way when they seen us coming: --and a few times he got away from me whereas the panicked started all around me, people jumping far away from the on coming beast, I didn’t blame them.
The Confrontation
I knew when I left San Francisco, I’d miss the dogs. Matter-of-fact, one night a neighbor came over and was hollering at the Colonel, and threatened her about the dogs, I was in the hallway upstairs listening, had a few beers in me, I came down slowly, and she told the guy to go because I was the one running the dogs, which the guy noticed, and that with my karate, and temper it might not work out too good if he sticks around;” adding, she said,
“I think he heard you hollering at me.”
“So what, let him come…” and then out of the blue I was five feet from him on the outside stairway, he was two steps down, and the Colonel was against the beam of the door way.
“You better take care of them dogs and shut them up before…”
“Before I kick you ass, that that…” I leaped toward the man with my hands in the air as to block the man if he thrust the knife at me, and landed on the second to last step, about two feet in front of him, and in a circular motion, threw several blocks to off set his focus, he jumped back, pulled out a two inch knife, he was terrified.
“You better not come closer,” he said. I started laughing.
“And you mister, better shut your mouth, go home and never, I mean never come around here again, and if I find out you’ve cause any trouble for my landlady, I’ll find you and stick that knife up your ass…….get out of her NOW!!” He moved as fast as he could. Yes, I had my wild moments, as most people have.
Said the Colonel, “I hope he doesn’t cause trouble for me, but I sure liked the way you handled him,” and she had a smile half a mile wide.
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A brief introduction to the herpes simplex viruses
The herpes simplex viruses [HSV] are DNA viruses and are of two types, HSV1 and HSV2. Both of them are capable of producing identical lesions.
HSV1 Affections
The HSV1 has an affinity for the upper part of the body producing oropharyngeal, cutaneous, and ocular lesions such as herpes labialis, gingivostomatitis, and keratoconjunctivitis, the reason being that this virus remains dormant in the trigeminal ganglion.
HSV2 Affections .
HSV2 on the other hand affects the lower half of the body producing genital lesions and also producing neuralgias along the genitocrural, femoral, and obturator nerves because it tends to remain dormant in the sacral ganglion. Herpetic whitlow or nailbed infection, meningitis, encephalitis, hepatitis, etc. are rarely seen manifestations of the virus and tend to occur only in the immunocompromised individuals.
An insight into the science of Homeopathy
Homeopathy is the science of healing which is based on the principle of similars. According to this, a substance capable of inducing a particular set of symptoms in a healthy person is capable of treating the very same set of symptoms if seen in a diseased individual.
The foresight of the Discoverer of Homeopathy
Two hundred years ago when Dr. Hahnemann discovered it, there were no microscopes and microbes were not known of. In fact it was he who speculated that there must be certain virulent particles capable of causing disease. He realized that to every stimulus, be it internal or external, the body first allows itself to be acted upon which he termed the primary action. Following this, the body reacts opposite to this primary action and that he called the secondary action.
Action of Homeopathic medicines
It is now that it is understood that the homeopathic medicines act as immune-modulators that induce an artificial disease in the body that is similar to the natural disease but a bit stronger. The body’s secondary response to this artificially induced disease fights off the artificial as well as the natural disease. Also, the process of potentization of the homeopathic remedies converts them into bioenergetic vibrionic medicines that act subtly upon the body’s energy reserves so as to restore the homeostasis between the positive and negative forces.
Homeopathy follows the Nature’s law of cure
Thus, while modern medicine aims at attacking the virus directly, homeopathy stimulates the vitality and boosts the defense mechanisms to combat and eliminate the virus. In this way, homeopathy follows the nature’s law of cure.
Modern Medicines for the viral infection
Modern medicine has little to offer for any viral infection except for vaccination which in fact had been borrowed from the homeopathic principle of isopathy itself where the individual’s immunity was exposed to diluted fragments of the microbe or the attenuated microbe itself so as to evoke an immunological reaction against that very same microbe when attacked by the latter naturally. Other medicines try to prevent the replication of the viruses but are only partly successful and helpless against the frequently mutating strains of the virions.
Homeopathy for the viral infection
Homeopathy on the other hand has an answer for any condition and any infection because “It doesn’t treat the disease in the person but the person in disease,” the entire approach being holistic and wholistic if I may say so. Individualization is the most important feature of homeopathy and we as homeopaths draw a conceptual image of the patient and study the psychosomatospiritual dynamics of every case taking the patient’s past, present and probable future into consideration. With our theory of miasms that talks about the attributes and manifestations of a particular category of people and similarly by taking into account the person’s constitutional type, temperament, and susceptibility, we can predict a lot about the prognosis of the disease in that particular individual. I will go into more details of these as I give you more examples.
Homeopathy for the manifestations of herpes simplex in general
Unlike the other schools of medicine where, the more the symptoms and the more the organs involved, more are the medicines given, homeopathy looks out for those remedies which cover the case in totality. The classical homeopaths give a single remedy known as the constitutional similimum only whereas some others give the constitutional drug along with other organ specific remedies or biochemical tissue salts to facilitate faster recovery.
For example: A person with herpetic keratoconjunctivitis, anxious disposition, nervous diarrhea, and marked craving for sugar might require a remedy called Argentum nitricum; whereas, another individual who has a violent temper, a tendency to recurrent ulcers in the mouth, with craving for ice and icy cold drinks with the same herpetic keratoconjunctivitis could probably require a remedy called Mercurius solubilis. A third person with herpes labialis and keratoconjunctivitis but with a reserved disposition, craving for salt, severe constipation and sun headaches would mostly need a few doses of Natrum muriaticum to treat the malady. Thus you can understand the finer intricacies behind a logical homeopathic prescription.
A lot of thinking goes into the selection of the potency of the remedy too, depending upon the age, gender, weight, build, sensitivity, susceptibility, immunity, pathology, etc.
Herpes simplex in men
In men, herpes simplex manifests in the form of balanoposthitis, i.e. the inflammation of the glans penis and prepuce. The outbreaks are typically circumscribed lesions with burning, itching, tingling, and dull pain or irritation. If the lesions are very close to the urethra, there could be pain and burning even during the passage of urine. Secondary bacterial infections may lead to pus formation also. In the case of homosexual men, anorectal lesions are produced due to the practice of anal sex.
Homeopathic remedies in men
Homeopathic remedies like Nitric acidum, Mezereum, and Cinnabaris are specifics. Even the nosodes prepared from the Herpes simplex viruses themselves are very useful and act as microvaccines to boost the immunity against these viruses.
Herpes simplex in women
This infection manifests frequently as vulvovaginitis with itching, burning, irritation and leucorrheal discharge. It rarely leads to dysplastic changes within the cervix of the uterus, which is considered precancerous.
Homeopathic remedies in women
In such cases, homeopathic remedies like Vespa and Kreosotum. Women have to be very careful if they are pregnant. In fact having genital lesions at around the time of delivery is one of the indications to go in for a caesarian section in order to prevent the spread of the infection to the baby. In any case, constitutional treatment is advisable even along with specific medications as it is known to remove many of the hindrances to recovery.
Combination therapies for the treatment of herpes simplex
Combination therapies consisting of Homeopathics, naturopathics, ayurvedics, and Tibetan herbs can be used in various formulations so as to raise the immune status on one side whilst relieving the symptoms simultaneously.
HE, the ALMIGHTY who cures
Alternative non-medicinal healing methods like Reiki, Yoga, Accupressure, Accupuncture, Sintergetica healing, and many such techniques along with the right diet and regimen can help to a very great extent and potentiate the therapeutic powers of any medicine. I believe that all diseases can be cured but not all people can be cured because every disease is karmic in nature and every suffering is predestined. We doctors can only treat, whereas, it is HE, the ALMIGHTY who cures. We have to put in our best efforts and leave the rest to HIM.
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Primates are a category of mammals that include humans, apes, lemurs and monkeys. Covering over 185 species, they range from lemurs -with hardly any resemblance to humans- to chimpanzees, which are clearly our own kin. In size, they range from the tiny 60 g bush baby to the huge 200 kg gorilla. Primates are characterized by a complex brain, good binocular vision and means of grasping. In addition, they experience long periods in the womb, followed by slow maturation and elongated lifespan.
Africa has the privilege of hosting 51 primate species in habitats varying from forests to savannah woodlands. And new primate species are still being discovered. One of the latest additions is the highland mangabey monkey, whose domicile is the Udzungwa Mountains of southern Tanzania.
Scientists were delighted, but nevertheless puzzled when they reported the finding in May 2005; "This exciting discovery demonstrates once again how little we know about our closest living relatives, the nonhuman primates. A large, striking monkey in a country of considerable wildlife research over the last century has been hidden right under our noses," said Russell Mittermeier of the IUCN-The World Conservation Union's Species Survival Commission.
Sensing our fascination with nonhuman primates, artists have in response created fictional characters that have turned out to be immensely popular. The most successful of this genre is the story of "Tarzan of the Apes". This romance features an orphaned English lord who was adopted by a female ape and brought up in the African jungle. The writer Edgar Rice Burroughs brought Tarzan-one of the best-known literary characters, to life in 1921.
Tarzan, an ape-man character has over the years generated over 40 movies, and numerous radio shows, television programmes and comic books. Primate characters reflect mans complex nature more closely than other animal characters in fiction and mythology. Come to think of it: in this respect, the naughty tree-swinging monkey is more deserving of our respect than haughty king lion.
Non-human primates are confined to the tropics, where 80% of them live in rain forests as the dominant mammals. East Africa has few patches of tropical forests where you find the great apes, but the entire region supports many other primate species. Only a few species are not dependent on trees and can survive in savannah and sub desert areas. These include baboons, vervet monkeys and chimpanzees. Not surprisingly, travellers to east Africa are most likely to come across these three species.
But most primates still depend on trees or cliffs for security. Only the two most intriguing primate species sleep on the ground-man and gorilla. We shall not discuss these two species in this article and shall cover them in separate features. For now, we shall only able to look at the four most common primates found in East Africa; bush babies, monkeys, baboons and chimpanzees.
Primates have complex social organizations and the majority live in female-bonded groups. Scientists speculate that this works as an alliance against aggressive males. Females stay on in their natal group even after maturity, while males exit the group. Feminist fundamentalists may perhaps take a hint in this arrangement? Chimpanzees make an exception to this rule. Very much like humans, female chimps seek an alliance with a male protector, which is recognised and respected by other males.
A common feature among primates is evolution of the "primate hand."This is a prehensile hand that is used for climbing and eating, and tool making in the case of apes. Some primates- especially baboons and apes, have such well-developed dexterity of the hand that the tips of the thumb and forefinger meet at right angles. In apes, the dexterity of the hands is very close that of humans -and chimps are a good example.
Primates, just like humans, use social grooming as a form of contact communication. Travellers will witness this practice among baboons and vervet monkeys. Grooming is useful for social bonding and is effected by use of the mouth and hands. At a more practical level, it is also used to clean the body of parasites, such as ticks. Grooming underlines hierarchies; a junior member of a group will happily groom its betters.
Reproduction in primates is quite varied, but there is much in common with humans. Monkeys and apes, for example, actually do menstruate. A key difference however, is that many primates have distinct breeding seasons. The young are dependent on the mother, but less so than human infants. They enjoy the protection of a fur coat and are able to climb and reach the mothers' teats and cling to her while being transported. Males generally play a marginal role in parental care.
Bush babies are a big group of primates, comprising about 18 species found Africa, and of which 11 species live in East Africa. This is one of the smallest but most successful of the primates. There are two main types: the lesser bush baby and the greater bush baby. Both are widely distributed and found in the forested national parks of East Africa. During the day, they hide to avoid harm from eagles and large snakes.
In lodges located close to dense forest, such as Shimba Hills in Kenya, bush babies are at night attracted to the dining rooms by sugar and sugary products. They otherwise feed mainly on tree gum and insects. Their technique of catching insects is either by leaping and grabbing or by creeping to within grabbing distance. They have distinct vocal sounds and the name bush baby originated from the piercing baby-like cries or advertising calls of the greater bush baby. Adult males advertise the most, especially in the mating season.
Bush babies are easy to like-perhaps on account of their baby-like cries and small innocent looking faces. They are active only after sundown. Extremely agile and sprightly, they use their elongated hind limbs to execute spectacular leaps between trees. Distended finger and toe pads enable them to cling unerringly, leap after leap, to even the most slippery branches.
The other small primates like bush babies are pottos. Being small and nocturnal, you will hardly ever see them. Only one species is found in East Africa -in south and west Uganda, far northwest Tanzania and western Kenya in the Mount Elgon and Kakamega forests. Pottos wear a woolly brown jacket and have large protuberant eyes, small rounded naked ears, short muzzles and short stubby tails. They weigh between 0.8 - 1.6kg.
Monkeys are a category of dog-shaped primates. They stand and move horizontally on four legs, with head directed forwards and downwards. Consequently, the form and movement is also doglike, particularly for the more terrestrial ones like baboons. Their bottoms are padded with bare "scars" that may appear like wounds. These are called callosities, and their colouration varies with the reproductive season. The phenomenon is most prominent among baboons and is quite puzzling to many travellers.
There is a clear distinction in form and structure of the genders in monkeys. This is especially so among baboons, in which females are clearly smaller in body size - by as much as 50% compared males. The posture and movement of monkeys is often a reflection of their social status. The confident monkey appears relaxed and walks with its limbs extended and back level. It surveys its realm casually and is at ease while resting. On the other hand, subordinates walk with back hunched, limbs rather bent and tail low or curved downwards.
Dominant males are known to exaggerate their status by walking with a swagger and squatting with obvious ostentation. This behaviour is the subject of many metaphors in African folklore. Monkeys are generally social, though they exhibit occasional rivalry. When attempting to intimidate a rival, a monkey stands at its tallest, with the effect that it looks bigger than it realy is-, which of course is precisely the point. "Filling yourself like a male monkey" is a common teenage statement in Africa, and originates from this practice.
Many travellers will have noticed that adult male monkeys like exposing their genitals to impress or maybe intimidate other males. Baboons are especially notorious for this rather unwholesome exhibitionist behaviour. Do not be offended when you find a dominant male, sitting apart on high vantage point, facing away from the troop as he scans the surrounding with legs spread apart to expose the penis. This is a particularly noticeable thing about baboons, or perhaps it is what humans cannot avoid noticing- being so well trained to look down upon such immodest displays. Among the monkeys species found in East Africa are the blue or syke monkey, the vervet monkey and the colobus monkey.
Sykes are dark, stoutly built and have round facial disk and no beard. They weigh up to 12kg, with males larger and heavier than females. The body is covered by thick long fur with a brown patch of bristling hair. Sykes are quite widespread in East Africa and can generally be sighted in all forested national parks. But as they as not aware of park boundaries, you will also see them in thick forests and forest reserves outside the parks. They are however slowly being confined to national parks due continuing degradation of protected forests. Sykes mostly feed on fruits and leaves and occasionally insects and flowers.
The vervet monkey is light coloured with a black face; males have a pale blue scrotum. This monkey weighs between 5 and 9kg. The vervet is adapted to practically all woodland habitats, outside equatorial rain forests. It does not venture very far from the safety of trees, on which it also depends for food. You will commonly find it on forest edges and is typically associated with riverine vegetation and acacia trees. These monkeys are very friendly to people and almost serve as de facto receptionists in most national parks.
When a vertet hops onto your car as you arrive at park gate, it is looking after its own interests. Humans like to feed monkeys and it hopes to save the lots of energy and the risk involved in natural foraging in the bush. However, it is illegal to feed monkeys or any wildlife in all parks in East Africa. Also be warned- these monkeys can bite if scared. Their teeth and claws can inflict serious injuries and you should therefore avoid close bodily contact.
Vervet monkeys are omnivorous and consume a wide range of plant materials like fruits, seeds, sap, and flowers. They also feed on invertebrates and have sometimes balance the vegetarian fare with vertebrates such as lizards and nestling birds and their eggs. They are often found in the same areas as baboons with which they share many foods, water holes and sleeping trees. The baboon is however not good company for vervets; it is without mercy for its smaller relative. When they compete for food, vervets are supplanted and baboons will occasionally feed on young vervets.
Vervet monkeys are territorial and live in troops of between 8-50 members. Their troops are organized in a hierarchy of families whose members sleep, forage and rest together. Males move out as they reach maturity at about the age of 5 years, while females remain in a female-bonded society. They pass on hereditary privileges: a mother's rank predetermines that of the daughter.
The baboon is the other very common primate in the savannahs of East Africa. It is a large, terrestrial monkey with a dog like head. Indeed its scientific name is, papio cynocephalus -here cynocephalus means "dog-headed." They weigh up to 50 kg, with males reaching up to twice the weight of females. Their limbs are sturdy, nearly equal in length while hands and feet are short and wide with stubby digits. The females have very prominent sexual swellings.
Baboons in East Africa appear in two common species - olive and yellow baboons. Next to humans, baboons are the best adapted of the terrestrial primates. For this reason, they are the most widespread African primate- to be found from savannah to arid habitats, so long as there is water and trees or just cliffs. Most travellers will see baboons on the highways, in many places across the region. They live well enough outside protected areas, such as national parks. They are serious crop pests and are even classified as vermin -not wildlife- but in parts of Kenya.
A baboons' menu include grasses, flowers, fruits, seeds and shoots. In the dry season, they uproot grasses and feed on the underground stems, a niche they share with no other mammal except warthogs. Beware that baboons are fierce fighters and with group work can confront and scare off a sharp predator such as leopard. Because of their well-developed taste for fruits and other foods humans are partial to, baboons tend to stalk visitors in national parks. In some cases they supplement their diet with vertebrate prey: fish, lizards and young of ground nesting birds, and bird or crocodile eggs.
Baboons live in troops ranging from 8 to over 200 animals, but typically average about 40. Troops tend to avoid one another but may occasionally share resources. Their social organization is highly complex and variable; they are able to display emotion and can communicate motivation. Females remain in the troop, with a reproductive strategy grounded on male supremacy.
The colobus monkey is another common primate that is the subject of many parables in Africa. The black and white colobus are especially priced for their beautiful coat, which has traditionally been used as ceremonial attire. The colobus is found only in Africa and has a long tail and hairs. The body weight reaches up to 23 kg. Both the black and white species are well adapted and have inherited many kinds of forest woodlands throughout East Africa. They live up at the trees and rarely descend to the ground. This rather shy animal is not easily sighted in the open and you are more likely to see or hear them in thick woodlands and forested parks.
The apes are a category of primates represented in Africa by gorilla, chimpanzees and bonobo. Genetically, they are the closest primates to man. The apes have very advanced social and communication systems. They come close to humans in the use of facial expressions and body language; using both arms and hands. Apart from mother-infant contact, apes groom each other in the usual primate fashion- rank determines who grooms whom.
Apes are particularly adept at tactile communications; that is use of touch. They seek and give reassurance by touching each other - just like we do -on the most sensitive areas like hands, face and genitals. Apes are slow to mature, with the young reaching adolescence at about the age of 8 years. Females bring forth their first fruits in their early teens, much earlier than males who rarely start procreating before reaching 15 years. All apes build nests- in this case, a platform on which to sleep securely at night: chimps up the trees and gorillas on the ground.
Generally all the apes are endangered and vulnerable. The problem is that they occur naturally in very small densities and face immediate threat of habitat loss throughout their ranges. The situation is further compounded by the fact that they perpetuate themselves at a rather slow pace. The other risk is the bush meat trade that goes on in some parts of Africa, which takes them out in large numbers every year. The situation deteriorated after the 1980's, when many previously inaccessible tracts of rainforest were opened up for logging.
Although apes are not known to eat humans, there are reports of their killing human babies in western Uganda - especially in Bwindi and Kibale forests. This phenomenon is as yet unexplained and is very puzzling to primate researchers
Chimpanzees are large, hairy and tailless; females weigh between 30-40 kg, while males can reach 180 kg. They have big heads, flattened face with a small nose and forward facing eyes. They have same number and type of teeth as man. The chimp is indeed our closet living relative, sharing 98% of our genes and much of our behaviour. The chimp and mountain gorilla are the only great apes found naturally is East Africa. Seeing chimps in the wild is an exhilarating experience. And Uganda is the best country in the world to view chimps in their natural habitat.
In Uganda, you encounter chimps at Queen Elizabeth National Park and Kibale and Budingo forest. In Tanzania, you see them at Gombe National Park, to the north west of the country. Kenya has no naturally occurring chimps population, but at Nanyuki in the central region, there is a sanctuary for chimps rescued from the illegal trade going on in parts of central and West Africa.
Chimps are mainly found in rainforest and wet savannah. They are less robustly built than gorillas; their arms are shorter, reaching just below the knees and the hands and fingers are long with short thumbs. The feet are adapted for grasping, with long, stout opposable big toe. Chimpanzees feed mainly on fruits mostly gathered from trees and the young leaves of plants. They also feed on flowers, pith, and bark and also derive additional nutrients from insects and some meat too- young antelopes, goats, and other primates such as young baboons and colobus monkeys.
Chimps are articulate tool users- a clear sign of a hard working brain. They can pick up small objects between thumbs and side of the index finger. They possess the acumen to prepare and use grass stems and sticks to fish for insects. A female on heat may mate with several males. It gives birth to a single off spring, which is independent after about 4 years.
The chimps are individualistic and do not live in cohesive groups like gorillas or monkeys. They live in communities, with up to 100 animals sharing a common home range. But they never assemble in a single troop. Jane Goodall, in her book "The Chimpanzees of Gombe", has shown that chimps, in common with humans, engage in some very disagreeable behaviour. Males occasionally rape females and engage in internecine warfare. Dr. Goodall has reported that from early 1974, a brutal four-year war raged in Gombe between two chimp groups that resulted in the decimation of one group.
The best way to see the primates of East Africa is by taking a combined Kenya and Uganda safari. On such as safari, you will of course see the other wildlife East Africa is famed for, but be sure that the locations where primates are found are covered. On safari, wear light cottons and linen. But also pack some warmer clothing, as the evenings and early mornings can be quite chilly. Some rainwear is advisable between March and June and October and December. You should bring along a decent pair of sunglasses and a pair of binoculars. They are very useful for spotting animals and you will be the envy of your less knowledgeable traveling companions
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If Spam were the ham-want-a-be instead of junk e-mail, I could say you are what you eat. That’s because Spam is supposed to be a reflection of who you are, based on the websites you visit and the cookies that follow you home. I have the obligatory bulk mail folder that fills up faster than the New Orleans levies during Katrina. But, it’s a social phenomenon that deserves closer scrutiny. In the interest of scientific investigation and self-diagnosis, I’ll share some recent e-mails and what it tells you about my pathetic life. I’ll break it down by e-mail subject and what I think it means.
(1) Penis enlargements Cheap! – How do they know my size?
(2) Refinance Before it’s Too Late – Too late for what? To pay the refinance charge?
(3) Viagra on Sale – Is my poor performance showing?
(4) Nigerian Attorney Needs Your Attention – I wonder what that’s all about?
(5) Get Your Free I-Pod – Who says nothing is free anymore?
(6) Get Paid While You Sleep _ Who said if you snooze, you lose.
(7) Hot Chicks in Your Area – Does that mean the KFC around the corner?
(8) E-Bay tips for Dummies – Who are you calling a dummy?
(9) We have Found Your Missing Money – Did you go under my sofa cushions again?
(10) Invitation From Donald Trump – I get to hear “You’re Fired” in person
(11) Drug Rehab Center – Gotta kick that Tylenol
(12) Stop Paying Taxes! – And start going to prison, right?
(13) A Payday Loan to Cure Your Problem – Like getting stupid Spam mail?
(14) Great Careers Opportunity – Did I mention I’m retired?
(15) Party Poker Your Way – Like cheating to win?
(16) Get Your Degree Online - I always wanted to be a rocket scientist.
(17) A Woman Wants You – This must be from my daughter needing money
(18) Costa Rica Land is Yours – Funny, I don’t remember ordering any.
(19) Spanish Lottery Winner – Send me my pecos ASAP, por favor.
(20) Gas Savings Instantly – Should I stop eating beans?
So now you know all my inner-most secrets about where I go on the Internet in my spare time and how it judges me. I guess I should stick to the basic news and travel sites because they should be safe enough. Unless I decide that the “Baghdad Cruise Special” I just received, is worth checking out.
